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修理する

repair: 「修理［修繕］する」の意の最も一般的な語. 日本語と違って身体の治療などにも用いる. 〘米〙 では〘ややかたく〙 響く

fix: 〘ややくだけて〙 で, ほぼ同様に用いるが, 他の用法も多く守備範囲の広い語. 〘米〙 で好まれ, 〘英〙 では主に機械類の修理に用いられる

mend: 主に衣服･靴などの穴やパンクなど, 比較的単純な構造のものを修理する際に用いる . 機械の修理に用いるのは〘英〙 .

FASTEN, FIX, ATTACH, AFFIX mean to make something stay firmly in place.

FASTEN implies an action such as tying, buttoning, nailing, locking, or otherwise securing.

e.g. fasten the reins to a post

FIX usually implies a driving in, implanting, or embedding.

e.g. fixed the stake in the ground

ATTACH suggests a connecting or uniting by a bond, link, or tie in order to keep things together.

e.g. attach the W-2 form here

AFFIX implies an imposing of one thing on another by gluing, impressing, or nailing.

e.g. affix your address label here

verb with object

1. with object and adverbial of place fasten (something) securely in a particular place or position:

〈人が〉 «…に» 〈物〉を固定する, 取り付ける «to, on, in»

e.g. fix the clamp on a rail

e.g. the upper jaw of an amphibian is firmly fixed to the skull

e.g. figurative : he turned back to fix the scene in his mind.

(fix something on/fix something upon) direct one's eyes, attention, or mind steadily or unwaveringly toward:

«…に» 〈視線･注意など〉を引きつける, 注ぐ «on» (!しばしば受け身で)

e.g. I fixed my attention on the tower.

no object (fix on/fix upon) (of a person's eyes, attention, or mind) be directed steadily or unwaveringly toward:

〈視線が〉 «…に» 向く, «…を» じっと見つめる «on»

e.g. her gaze fixed on Jess.

(fix someone with) look at someone unwaveringly:

｟主に文｠ 〈人が〉 «…な様子で» 〈人〉をじっと見る «with» (!受け身にしない)

e.g. she fixed her nephew with an unwavering stare.

2. decide or settle on (a specific price, date, course of action, etc.):

〈人が〉〈時間･場所･日時など〉を決める; 特定する; «…に» 〈価格など〉を設定する, 固定する «at»

e.g. no date has yet been fixed for a hearing

e.g. the rent will be fixed at $600 a month

〈人が〉 «…に［を］» (よく考えて)決める «on»

e.g. no object : their thinking then seemed fixed on conventional projects.

establish the exact location of (something) by using radar or visual bearings or astronomical observation:

e.g. having made landfall, he fixed his position.

settle the form of (a language).

assign or determine (a person's liability or responsibility) for legal purposes:

e.g. there are no facts that fix the defendant with liability.

3. mend or repair:

〈人が〉〈物〉を修理する, 直す, 修繕する; 繕う; ｟米･くだけて｠ 〈医者などが〉〈体の部位など〉を治療する(up)

e.g. you should fix that shelf.

(fix something up) do the necessary work to improve or adapt something:

〈問題など〉を改善する, 解決する(up)

e.g. we want to fix up the house before we sell it.

informal, chiefly North American restore order or tidiness to (something, especially one's hair, clothes, or makeup):

｟主に米｠ 〈人が〉〈化粧･髪･服など〉を整える

e.g. Laura was fixing her hair.

4. make arrangements for (something); organize:

〈人が〉〈事〉の手はずを整える

e.g. I've fixed it for you to see him on Thursday

e.g. he's sent her on ahead to fix things up.

(fix someone up) informal arrange for someone to have something; provide someone with something:

｟主に英｠ A〈取引など〉の手はずを整える; Aするよう手配する (!Aがto doの場合はfix up Aの語順)

e.g. I'll fix you up with a room.

(fix someone up) informal arrange for someone to meet or go out with someone in order to help them establish a romantic relationship.

｟くだけて｠ 【交際相手を】A〈人〉に見つけてやる «with»

informal, chiefly North American prepare or arrange for the provision of (food or drink):

｟主に米･ややくだけて｠ ; 〖fix A(for B)/(B) A〗 (B〈人〉に)A〈食事･飲み物など〉を作る, 用意する

e.g. Ruth fixed herself a cold drink

e.g. with two objects : they were fixing him breakfast.

(be fixing to do something) US dialect be intending or planning to do something:

｟米･くだけた話｠ ; 〖be ～ing to do〗 …するつもりである

e.g. you're fixing to get into trouble.

5. make (a dye, photographic image, or drawing) permanent:

〈写真･染料など〉を(薬品で)定着させる.

e.g. he perfected a process of fixing a photographic likeness on a silver plate.

Biology preserve or stabilize (a specimen) with a chemical substance prior to microscopy or other examination:

e.g. specimens were fixed in buffered formalin.

(of a plant or microorganism) assimilate (nitrogen or carbon dioxide) by forming a nongaseous compound:

e.g. lupins fix gaseous nitrogen in their root nodules.

6. informal influence the outcome of (something, especially a race, contest, or election) by illegal or underhanded means:

｟否定的に｠ 〈人が〉〈試合･選挙など〉を不正に仕組む; 〈人〉を買収する; 〈価格〉を不正に操作する

e.g. the foundation denies fixing races.

put (an enemy or rival) out of action, especially by killing them:

｟くだけて｠ 〈人〉を懲らしめる, やっつける.

e.g. don't you tell nobody, or I'll fix you good!

7. no object informal take an injection of a narcotic drug.

｟俗｠ 麻薬を打つ

8. North American castrate or spay (an animal); neuter.

｟主に米･くだけて｠ 〈動物〉を去勢する

1. in singular informal a difficult or awkward situation from which it is hard to extricate oneself; a predicament:

｟くだけて｠ 困った状況［立場］

e.g. how on earth did you get into such a fix?

2. informal a dose of a narcotic drug to which one is addicted:

｟くだけて｠ ; 〖a ～〗 麻薬の注射

e.g. he hadn't had his fix.

a thing or activity that gives a person a feeling of euphoria or pleasure and that it is difficult to do without:

(コーヒーなど)頭をすっきりさせるもの

e.g. that rush of adrenaline that is the fix of the professional newsman.

3. a measure taken to resolve a problem or correct a mistake; a solution or remedy:

｟主に米･くだけて｠ ; 〖a (...) ～〗 «…のための/…に対する» (一時的な)解決策 «for/to»

e.g. the company is working on a fix but suggests users consider technical workarounds in the meantime

e.g. representatives trying to find cheap fixes to meet their obligations.

4. a position determined by visual or radio bearings or astronomical observations.

〖a ～〗 (航空機･船の)位置(確認)

5. in singular informal a dishonest or underhanded arrangement:

｟くだけて｠ ; 〖a ～〗 八百長; 不正; 買収

e.g. obviously, his appointment was a fix.

determine the position of (something) by visual or radio bearings or astronomical observation.

informal assess or determine the nature or facts of; obtain a clear understanding of:

e.g. it is hard to get a fix on their ages.

fixable |ˈfiksəbəl| adjective

late Middle English: partly from Old French fix ‘fixed’, partly from medieval Latin fixare ‘to fix’, both from Latin fixus, past participle of figere ‘fix, fasten’. The noun dates from the early 19th century.