source: WT! - K-On! How This is the Pinnacle of Happiness in Anime. : anime

1. move or cause to move in a circular direction wholly or partly around an axis or point:

〈ねじ･鍵などが〉回る; «…を軸にして» 回転, 自転する «on» ; 〈天体などが〉 «…の回りを» 回転, 公転する «around»

e.g. no object : the big wheel was turning

〖turn A(＋副詞)〗 〈人が〉A〈車輪など〉を回転させる, 回す; Aをぐるりと回す (!〖副詞〗は方向･様態の表現)

e.g. with object : I turned the key in the door and crept in.

with object perform (a somersault or cartwheel).

〈回転技など〉をする (!受け身にしない)

with object twist or sprain (an ankle).

〈栓･足首など〉をひねる

2. with object and adverbial move (something) so that it is in a different position in relation to its surroundings or its previous position:

〖turn A(＋副詞)〗 〈人が〉A〈体(の一部)･物〉の向きを変える, 【ある方向に】Aを向ける((a)round) «to, toward» ; Aをそらす(away); A〈弾丸〉をそらす (!〖副詞〗は方向の表現)

e.g. we waited in suspense for him to turn the cards over.

no object change the position of one's body so that one is facing in a different direction:

〖turn (＋副詞)〗 «…するために/…から» 〈人が〉(体の)向きを変える, 振り返る, 向く(around, round) «to do/from» ; 〈車･ボートなどが〉ひっくり返る (!〖副詞〗は方向･様態の表現)

e.g. Charlie turned and looked at his friend.

with object aim, point, or direct (something):

〈人が〉 «…から/…に» 〈注意･関心･怒りなど〉を向ける «from/to»

e.g. she turned her head toward me

e.g. the government has now turned its attention to primary schools.

change or cause to change direction:

〖turn (＋副詞)〗 〈人･車などが〉曲がる, それる, (進行)方向を変える, 向きを変える(off); 引き返す; 曲がって «…の中に» 入る «into» (!〖副詞〗は方向の表現)

e.g. no object : we turned around and headed back to the house.

no object (of the tide) change from flood to ebb or vice versa.

〈潮･風が〉変わる

with object move (a page) over so that it is flat against the previous or next page:

〈ページ〉をめくる

e.g. she turned a page noisily

〈ページが〉めくれる

e.g. no object : turn to page five for the answer.

with object fold or unfold (fabric or a piece of a garment) in the specified way:

e.g. he turned up the collar of his coat.

with object (usually as adjective turned) Printing set or print (a type or letter) upside down.

〈活字〉を逆字, 上下逆さまにする 〘印〙

with object pass around (the flank or defensive lines of an army) so as to attack it from the side or rear.

を迂回する

with object archaic bend back (the edge of a blade) so as to make it blunt:

〈ナイフなどの刃〉を鈍くする

e.g. thou hast also turned the edge of his sword.

with object remake (a garment or a sheet), putting the worn outer side on the inside:

e.g. a sheet that Mrs Dibb wanted turned sides to middle.

3. no object change in nature, state, form, or color; become:

〈物が〉 «…から/…へと» 変わる, 転じる; 変質する «from/to, into, toward» ; 〈怒り･笑いなどが〉 «…に» 変わる «into, to»

e.g. Emmeline turned pale.

with object or adverbial cause to change; cause to become:

〖turn AC〗 〈人･物･事が〉AをC〈状態〉に変える, する; 変化, 変質させる (!Cは〖形容詞〗)

e.g. potatoes are covered with sacking to keep the light from turning them green.

with object and complement or adverbial send or put into a specified place or condition:

e.g. the dogs were turned loose on the crowd.

with object pass the age or time of:

〈ある年齢･時刻〉を越える; …を過ぎる; …になる

e.g. I've just turned forty.

(of leaves) change color in the autumn.

(with reference to the stomach) make or become nauseated:

〈胃〉をむかむかさせる

e.g. with object : the smell was bad enough to turn the strongest stomach.

(with reference to milk) make or become sour:

e.g. with object : the thunder had turned the milk.

4. no object (turn to) start doing or becoming involved with:

｟やや古｠ (意欲的に)仕事にとりかかる; 本腰を入れてやる.

e.g. in 1939 he turned to films in earnest.

go on to consider next:

A〈新しい話題〉に目を向ける; 〈会話が〉A〈特定の話題〉に移る.

e.g. we can now turn to another aspect of the problem.

go to for help, advice, or information:

【助けなどを求めて】A〈人〉を頼る, Aの所へ行く «for» ; A〈物事〉に救いを求める

e.g. who can she turn to?

have recourse to (something, especially something dangerous or unhealthy):

〈酒･麻薬など〉に溺れる; 〈犯罪〉に走る

e.g. he turned to drink and drugs for solace.

5. with object shape (something) on a lathe:

(ろくろ･旋盤で回して)…を形作る

e.g. the faceplate is turned rather than cast.

give a graceful or elegant form to:

(言葉を選んで)〈賛辞など〉を作る

e.g. (as adjective, with submodifier turned) : a production full of so many finely turned words.

6. make (a profit).

｟米｠ 〈利益など〉を得る(｟英｠ make, return) (!受け身にしない)

1. an act of moving something in a circular direction around an axis or point:

回転, 回転運動; 一ねじり, 一回り

e.g. a safety lock requiring four turns of the key.

a bend or curve in a road, path, river, etc.:

｟米｠ 曲がり角, 曲がり目(｟英｠ turning)

e.g. the twists and turns in the passageways.

one round in a coil of rope or other material.

(ロープなどの)一巻き(分)

2. a change of direction when moving:

方向転換, 転回, 折り返し, ターン; 曲がること

e.g. they made a left turn and picked up speed.

a development or change in circumstances or a course of events:

〖単数形で〗 «…の» (突然の)変化, 変転, (予期せぬ)成り行き «in» ; 〖the ～〗 転機, 変わり目(turning point)

e.g. life has taken a turn for the better.

a time when one specified period of time ends and another begins:

(時代の)変わり目; 節目

e.g. the turn of the century.

a place where a road meets or branches off another.

a change of the tide from ebb to flow or vice versa.

(the turn) the beginning of the second nine holes of a round of golf:

e.g. he made the turn in one under par.

3. an opportunity or obligation to do something that comes successively to each of a number of people:

〖通例one's ～〗 «…する» 番, 順番 «to do»

e.g. it was his turn to speak.

a short performance, especially one of a number given by different performers in succession:

(サーカスなどでの短い)出し物, 演目

e.g. a comic turn.

a performer giving one of a number of short performances.

4. a short walk or ride:

｟やや古｠ (ちょっとした)散歩; ドライブ; 乗馬

e.g. why don't you take a turn around the garden?

5. informal a shock:

〖通例単数形で〗ぎょっとすること

e.g. you gave us quite a turn!

a brief feeling or experience of illness:

｟英･くだけて･やや古｠ (病気･目まいなどの)発作, 発病(attack)

e.g. tell me how you feel when you have these funny turns.

6. the difference between the buying and selling price of stocks or other financial products.

｟英｠ 〘金融〙 (株などの)売買; 買値と売値の差(額)

a profit made from the difference between the buying and selling price of stocks or other financial products.

(それによる)利益, 利ざや

7. Music a melodic ornament consisting of the principal note with those above and below it.

on every occasion; continually:

e.g. her name seemed to come up at every turn.

one after the other; alternately:

e.g. he was by turns amused and mildly annoyed by her.

do something that is helpful (or unhelpful) for someone.

in succession; one after the other:

e.g. four men prayed in turn.

(also in one's/its turn) used to convey that an action, process, or situation is the result or product of a previous one:

e.g. he would shout until she, in her turn, lost her temper.

not know what to do; be completely at a loss.

see hair.

proverb if someone does you a favor, you should take the chance to repay it.

at a turning point; in a state of change:

e.g. my luck is on the turn.

at a time when it is not one's turn.

speak in a tactless or foolish way.

take turns (also British take it in turns)

(of two or more people) do something alternately or in succession.

to exactly the right degree (used especially in relation to cooking):

e.g. hamburgers done to a turn.

chiefly British one after another; in succession:

e.g. the two men were working in rotation, turn and turn about.

see back.

pass the critical point and start to improve.

see deaf.

see hand.

see head.

see head.

see honest.

see grave1.

a particular way of thinking:

e.g. people with a practical turn of mind.

the ability to go fast when necessary.

see heel1.

see cheek.

start to act or behave in a better or more responsible way.

think about or consider something thoroughly.

see table.

informal turn around and run away.

see tide.

see account.

see trick.

see turtle.

see nose.

informal used to convey that someone's actions or words are perceived as unexpected, unwelcome, or confrontational:

e.g. then she just turned around and said she wasn't coming after all.

turn against (or turn someone against)

become (or cause someone to become) hostile toward:

e.g. public opinion turned against him.

move so as to face in the opposite direction:

e.g. Alice turned around and walked down the corridor.

refuse to allow someone to enter or pass through a place.

turn back (or turn someone/something back)

go (or cause to go) back in the direction in which one has come:

e.g. they turned back before reaching the church.

reject an offer or application made by someone:

e.g. the Air Force turned him down on medical grounds.

1. reject something offered or proposed:

e.g. his novel was turned down by publisher after publisher.

2. adjust a control on a device to reduce the volume, heat, etc.

informal go to bed in the evening.

hand someone over to the authorities.

give something to someone in authority:

e.g. I've turned in my resignation.

produce or achieve a particular score or a performance of a specified quality.

become (a particular kind of thing or person); be transformed into:

e.g. the slight drizzle turned into a downpour

e.g. that dream turned into a nightmare

e.g. in the next instant he turned into a tiny mouse.

cause to become (a particular kind of thing or person); transform into:

e.g. the town was turned into a thriving seaside destination

e.g. every single good children's book has been turned into a feature-length cartoon.

leave one road in order to join another.

informal induce a feeling of boredom or disgust in someone.

stop the operation or flow of something by means of a valve, switch, or button:

e.g. remember to turn off the gas.

adjust a tap or switch in order to stop the operation or flow of something.

1. suddenly attack (someone) physically or verbally:

e.g. he turned on her with cold savagery.

2. have as the main topic or point of interest:

e.g. for most businessmen, the central questions will turn on taxation.

informal excite or stimulate the interest of someone, especially sexually.

start the flow or operation of something by means of a valve, switch, or button:

e.g. she turned on the TV.

adjust a tap or switch in order to start the operation or flow of something:

e.g. I turned the switch on.

informal cause someone to become interested or involved in (something, especially drugs):

e.g. he turned her on to heroin.

1. prove to be the case:

e.g. the job turned out to be beyond his rather limited abilities.

2. go somewhere in order to do something, especially to attend a meeting, to play a game, or to vote:

e.g. over 75 percent of the electorate turned out to vote.

1. eject or expel someone from a place.

2. Military call a guard from the guardroom.

3. (be turned out) be dressed in the manner specified:

e.g. she was smartly turned out and as well groomed as always.

1. extinguish a light.

2. produce something:

e.g. the plant takes 53 hours to turn out each car.

3. empty something, especially one's pockets.

4. tip prepared food from a mold or other container.

(of an engine) start or continue to run properly.

deliver someone to the care or custody of (another person or body, especially one in authority):

e.g. they turned him over to the police.

1. cause an engine to run.

2. transfer control or management of something to someone else:

e.g. a plan to turn the bar over to a new manager.

3. change the function or use of something:

e.g. the works was turned over to the production of aircraft parts.

4. informal rob a place.

5. (of a business) have a turnover of a specified amount:

e.g. last year the company turned over $12 million.

1. be found, especially by chance, after being lost:

e.g. all the missing documents had turned up.

2. put in an appearance; arrive:

e.g. half the guests failed to turn up.

1. increase the volume or strength of sound, heat, etc. by turning a knob or switch on a device.

2. reveal or discover something:

e.g. New Yorkers confidently expect the inquiry to turn up nothing.

3. shorten a garment by raising the hem.

1. prepare a ship or aircraft for its return journey.

2. reverse the previously poor performance of something, especially a company, and make it successful.

Old English tyrnan, turnian (verb), from Latin tornare, from tornus ‘lathe’, from Greek tornos ‘lathe, circular movement’; probably reinforced in Middle English by Old French turner. The noun (Middle English) is partly from Anglo-Norman French tourn, partly from the verb.