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跳ぶ

hop: 人・動物・昆虫などが足で地面を蹴って跳躍すること

spring: 人・物などが, ばねのように, すばやく勢いよく跳ねること. やや改まった文脈で用いることが多い.

jump: 人などが, 地面から離れ, 空中のある方向に向かって勢いよく跳ぶこと

1. no object, usually with adverbial of direction push oneself off a surface and into the air by using the muscles in one's legs and feet:

〖jump (＋副詞)〗 跳ぶ, はねる (!〖副詞〗は方向･場所の表現; leapよりも一般的な語) ; 【高い所から】飛び降りる, 飛び出す(out, down) «from, out of, off»

e.g. the cat jumped off his lap

e.g. he jumped twenty-five feet to the ground.

with object pass over (an obstacle or barrier) by jumping.

〈人･動物などが〉〈障害物など〉を跳び越える; «…を» …に跳び越えさせる «over» ; 【膝の上などで】〈子供など〉を跳ねさせる «on»

with adverbial (of an athlete or horse) perform in a competition that involves jumping over obstacles:

e.g. his horse jumped well and won by five lengths.

(especially of prices or figures) rise suddenly and by a large amount:

〈物価･温度などが〉急に上がる, はね上がる; 〈物が〉急増する; 〈人が〉 «…から/…へ» (異例の)昇進出世をする «from/to»

e.g. exports jumped by 500 percent during the decade.

informal (of a place) be full of lively activity:

〖be ～ing〗 〈パーティ･場所などが〉活気がある, 沸きたっている

e.g. the bar is jumping on Fridays and Saturdays.

with object informal (of driver or a vehicle) fail to stop at (a red traffic light).

｟くだけて｠ 〈信号〉より先に飛び出す

with object get on or get off (a train or other vehicle) quickly, typically illegally or dangerously.

｟米俗｠ 〈乗り物〉に飛び乗る

with object North American take summary possession of (a mining concession or other piece of land) after alleged abandonment or forfeiture by the former occupant.

2. no object, usually with adverbial (of a person) move suddenly and quickly in a specified way:

〖～＋副詞〗 すばやく動く, さっと行動する (!〖副詞〗は方向などの表現)

e.g. Juliet jumped to her feet

e.g. they jumped back into the car and drove off.

(of a person) make a sudden involuntary movement in reaction to something that causes surprise or shock:

〈人･心が〉(驚き･興奮で)飛び上がる, びくっと［どきっと］する

e.g. an owl hooted nearby, making her jump.

pass quickly or abruptly from one idea, subject, or state to another:

«…から/…に» (話などが)飛ぶ, 飛躍する(about, ahead) «from/to» ; «…に» 割り込む «in»

e.g. she jumped backward and forward in her narrative.

with object omit or skip over (part of something) and pass on to a further point or stage.

…を飛ばす, 省く

(of a machine or device) move or jerk suddenly and abruptly:

e.g. the vibration can cause the needle to jump.

(of a person) make a sudden, impulsive rush to do something:

e.g. Gordon jumped to my defense.

with object (in checkers) capture (an opponent's piece) by jumping over it.

〘チェッカー〙 相手の駒を跳び越えて取る

Bridge make a bid that is higher than necessary, in order to signal a strong hand:

e.g. East jumped to four spades.

with object informal attack (someone) suddenly and unexpectedly.

｟くだけた話｠ 〈人〉を急襲する; ｟俗｠ …に強盗に入る; ｟米俗｠ …を盗む, ひったくる

3. North American vulgar slang with object have sexual intercourse with (someone).

｟俗｠ 〈女〉と性交する, 「やる」

4. with object North American informal start (a vehicle) using jumper cables:

｟米･くだけて｠ ＝ jump-start

e.g. I jumped his Camry from my Civic.

1. an act of jumping from a surface by pushing upward with one's legs and feet:

飛ぶこと, 跳躍; ひと跳びの長さ［高さ］; 〘競技〙 ジャンプ, 跳躍競技; 急な動き

e.g. in making the short jump across the gully he lost his balance.

an obstacle to be jumped, especially by a horse and rider in an equestrian competition.

(競技で用いる)障害(物)

an act of descending from an aircraft by parachute.

a sudden dramatic rise in amount, price, or value:

«…の» 急騰, はね上がり «in»

e.g. a 51 percent jump in annual profits.

a large or sudden transition or change:

急転; 飛躍, 急激な進歩

e.g. the jump from mass-market to luxury goods.

(in checkers) the act of capturing an opponent's piece by jumping over it.

〘チェッカー〙 ジャンプ〘相手の駒を跳び越えて取ること〙

Bridge a bid that is higher than necessary, signaling strength.

2. a sudden involuntary movement caused by shock or surprise:

(心臓などが)どきりと［びくっと］すること.

e.g. I woke up with a jump.

(the jumps) informal extreme nervousness or anxiety.

｟話｠ ; 〖the ～s〗 神経質な震え, いらだち, びくつき; 舞踏病; ＝ delirium tremens.

3. North American vulgar slang, dated an act of sexual intercourse.

｟俗｠ 性交

informal be very angry, upset, or excited.

North American informal get (or have) an advantage over someone as a result of one's prompt action.

see bail1.

North American vulgar slang have sexual intercourse with someone.

informal respond to what someone has said in a sudden and angrily critical way.

be ecstatically happy:

e.g. I'm not exactly jumping for joy at the prospect.

see gun.

get started enthusiastically.

informal engage readily in sexual intercourse with.

see bandwagon.

informal be extremely startled.

British cut in line.

informal (of a television series or movie) reach a point at which far-fetched events are included merely for the sake of novelty, indicative of a decline in quality. said to be with allusion to the long-running [/ US television series Happy Days, in which the central character (the Fonz) jumped over a shark when waterskiing.]

(of a sailor) leave the ship on which one is serving without having obtained permission to do so:

e.g. he jumped ship in Cape Town

e.g. figurative : three producers jumped ship two weeks after the show's debut.

go through an elaborate or complicated procedure in order to achieve an objective:

e.g. we had to jump through all sorts of hoops to win accreditation.

see conclusion.

informal used to exhort someone to prompt or immediate action.

one step or stage ahead of someone else and so having the advantage over them:

e.g. the Americans were one jump ahead of the British in this.

(of a train) become derailed.

accept (an opportunity or offer) eagerly:

e.g. he jumped at the chance to start his own company.

(of a military campaign) begin:

e.g. the air-attack phase will continue before the ground attack jumps off.

jump on informal

attack or take hold of (someone) suddenly.

criticize (someone) suddenly and severely.

seize on (something) eagerly; give sudden (typically critical) attention to:

e.g. the paper jumped on the inconsistencies of his stories.

have a strong visual or mental impact; be very striking:

e.g. advertising posters that really jump out at you.

jumpable adjective

early 16th century (in the sense ‘be moved or thrown with a sudden jerk’): probably imitative of the sound of feet coming into contact with the ground.