[*** \mathrm{plane}^1] | plān |

source: By Sharayanan - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0

1. a flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points on it would wholly lie:

〖単数形で〗平面, 面

e.g. the horizontal plane.

an imaginary flat surface through or joining material objects:

e.g. the planets orbit the sun in roughly the same plane.

a flat or level surface of a material object:

e.g. the plane of his forehead.

a flat surface producing lift by the action of air or water over and under it.

2. a level of existence, thought, or development:

〖形容詞を伴って〗(話･思想などの)水準, 次元, レベル; (発達などの)程度, 段階

e.g. everything is connected on the spiritual plane.

completely level or flat.

〖名詞の前で〗平らな〈面〉

relating to only two-dimensional surfaces or magnitudes:

平面の

e.g. plane and solid geometry.

(of a bird or an airborne object) soar without moving the wings; glide:

e.g. a bird planed down toward the water below.

(of a boat, surfboard, etc.) skim over the surface of water as a result of lift produced hydrodynamically.

early 17th century: from Latin planum ‘flat surface’, neuter of the adjective planus ‘plain’. The adjective was suggested by French plan(e) ‘flat’. The word was introduced to differentiate the geometrical senses, previously expressed by plain1, from the latter's other meanings.

[*** \mathrm{plane}^2] | plān |

an airplane.

飛行機, 航空機 (!｟主に米｠ airplane, ｟主に英｠ aeroplaneより｟くだけて｠ ) ; (定期)航空便 (!特定の会社の便をさす場合はflight)

verb no object, with adverbial of direction

travel in an airplane.

｟話｠ 〈人が〉 «…から/…へ» 飛行機で旅行する «from/to» .

early 20th century: shortened form.

[*** \mathrm{plane}^3] | plān |

a tool consisting of a block with a projecting steel blade, used to smooth a wooden or other surface by paring shavings from it.

(大工道具の)かんな

smooth (wood or other material) with a plane.

…をかんなで削り取る(away, off).

reduce or remove (redundant material) with a plane:

…にかんなをかける, …を削る(down); 〖～ A C〗 AにかんなをかけてC〈状態〉にする

e.g. high areas can be planed down.

archaic make smooth or level:

e.g. let us exert our abilities to plane the way for his passage.

Middle English: from a variant of obsolete French plaine ‘planing instrument’, from late Latin plana (in the same sense), from Latin planare ‘make level’, from planus ‘plain, level’.

[*** \mathrm{plane}^4] | plān | (also plane tree)

a tall spreading tree of the northern hemisphere, with maplelike leaves and bark that peels in irregular patches.

〘植〙 プラタナス, スズカケノキ(plane tree)

late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin platanus, from Greek platanos, from platus ‘broad’.