source: By https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/60/10/836615b77971210c008b94e2c2cb.jpgGallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/V0050647.htmlWellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-29): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/stdgr7g5 CC-BY-4.0, CC BY 4.0

a person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them.

奴隷

a person who works very hard without proper remuneration or appreciation:

奴隷のように働く人

e.g. by the time I was ten, I had become her slave, doing all the housework.

a person who is excessively dependent upon or controlled by something:

【欲望･習慣などの】とりこ, とりつかれた人; 【権力に】盲目的に従う人 «to, of»

e.g. the poorest people of the world are slaves to the banks

e.g. she was no slave to fashion.

a device, or part of one, directly controlled by another:

〘コンピュ〙 スレーブ〘ほかのシステムによって制御されるシステム･装置〙

e.g. as modifier : a slave cassette deck. Compare with master1.

an ant captured in its pupal state by an ant of another species, for which it becomes a worker.

slave ant: 奴隷アリ

work excessively hard:

〖～＋副詞〗 «…で» (奴隷のように)あくせく働く(away) «at» (!〖副詞〗は目的などの表現)

e.g. after slaving away for fourteen years all he gets is two thousand.

with object subject (a device) to control by another:

e.g. should the need arise, the two channels can be slaved together.

Middle English: shortening of Old French esclave, equivalent of medieval Latin sclava (feminine) ‘Slavonic (captive)’: the Slavonic peoples had been reduced to a servile state by conquest in the 9th century.