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1. a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.

〘文法〙 文

Logic a series of signs or symbols expressing a proposition in an artificial or logical language.

2. the punishment assigned to a defendant found guilty by a court, or fixed by law for a particular offense:

〖具体例では可算〗〘法〙 【人への/罪に対する】判決, 刑; (刑の)宣告 «on/for»

e.g. her husband is serving a three-year sentence for fraud

e.g. slander of an official carried an eight-year prison sentence.

declare the punishment decided for (an offender):

«…の刑を» 〈人〉に宣告する «to» ; «…するよう» 〈人〉に判決を下す «to do» (!しばしば受け身で)

e.g. ten army officers were sentenced to death.

having been condemned to: he was under sentence of death.

Middle English (in the senses ‘way of thinking, opinion’, ‘court's declaration of punishment’, and ‘gist (of a piece of writing’)): via Old French from Latin sententia ‘opinion’, from sentire ‘feel, be of the opinion’.