REBELLION, REVOLUTION, UPRISING, REVOLT, INSURRECTION, MUTINY mean an outbreak against authority.

REBELLION implies an open formidable resistance that is often unsuccessful.

e.g. open rebellion against the officers

REVOLUTION applies to a successful rebellion resulting in a major change (as in government).

e.g. a political revolution that toppled the monarchy

UPRISING implies a brief, limited, and often immediately ineffective rebellion.

e.g. quickly put down the uprising

REVOLT and INSURRECTION imply an armed uprising that quickly fails or succeeds.

e.g. a revolt by the Young Turks that surprised party leaders

e.g. an insurrection of oppressed laborers

MUTINY applies to group insubordination or insurrection especially against naval authority.

e.g. a mutiny led by the ship's cook

an act of violent or open resistance to an established government or ruler:

«…への» 反乱, 謀反

e.g. the authorities put down a rebellion by landless colonials

e.g. Simon de Montfort rose in rebellion.

the action or process of resisting authority, control, or convention:

反抗, 反旗 «against»

e.g. an act of teenage rebellion.

Middle English: from Old French, from Latin rebellio(n-), from rebellis (see rebel).