1. the funds or revenue of a government, corporation, or institution: 政府や企業、組織などの歳入や基金

(Treasury) (in some countries) the government department responsible for budgeting for and controlling public expenditure, management of the national debt, and the overall management of the economy. : 財務省・大蔵省など。

2. a place or building where treasure is stored. 宝物を保管する場所や建物

a store or collection of valuable or delightful things

ちなみに日本の財務省はMinistry of Financeで、理財局に国庫課(treasury division)がある。

Middle English: from Old French tresorie (see treasure).