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artifact
(British artefact)

noun
1. an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest:
(特に史的価値のある)遺物, 工芸品〘武器・用具など〙
e.g. gold and silver artifacts.
2. something observed in a scientific investigation or experiment that is not naturally present but occurs as a result of the preparative or investigative procedure:
>自然を対象とするはずの自然科学において、意図せずに人工のものが現れてしまうことがあり、これをアーティファクトと呼ぶ。アーティファクト - Wikipedia
e.g. widespread tissue infection may be a technical artifact.

DERIVATIVES
artifactual |ˌärtəˈfakCHo͞oəl| adjective

ORIGIN
early 19th century: from Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’ (neuter past participle of faceremake’).