semantic desktop
Be File System (BFS), the metadata driven filesystem of BeOS that provided attribute queries, metadata editing and dynamic folders integrated into the desktop as part of Tracker, the file manager.
Chandler, a personal information manager
Dublin Core, a set of general terms for annotating web resources with metadata
Haystack, an information client developed at MIT
NEPOMUK, a specification for a social semantic desktop framework
Tabbles, a desktop tagging tool for files, emails and bookmarks
WinFS, a data storage and management system based on relational databases, developed by Microsoft