Affirming the consequent – Type of fallacious argument (logical fallacy)

Alignments of random points – Phenomenon in statistics

Apophenia – Tendency to perceive connections between unrelated things

Post hoc analysis – Statistical analyses that were not specified before the data were seen

Multiple comparisons problem – Problem where one considers a set of inferences simultaneously based on the observed values

Data dredging – Misuse of data analysis

Bible code – Purported set of secret messages encoded within the Hebrew text of the Torah

Coincidence#Coincidence and causality – Concurrence of events with no connection

Confounding – Variable in statistics

French paradox – Observation that amount heart diseases French people have is much less than is expected

Design of experiments – Design of tasks set to uncover from

Reproducibility – Aspect of scientific research

Spurious relationship – Apparent, but false, correlation between causally-independent variables