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心理的安全

組織改革に関する初期の研究に端を発する
1965 年、MITエドガー・シャイン教授とウォレン・ベニス教授が心理的安全を生み出して、変化を確信させたり実感させたりする必要性を論じた
エドガー・シャインは、のちの論文で、心理的安全性があると期待や希望を否定するデータを示されたときに生じる守りの姿勢、すなわち 「学習不安」 を克服しやすくなると述べた
心理的安全は従業員一人ひとりの性質ではなく、単一体のチームを特徴づける

> Within psychology, researchers sometimes colloquially refer to traits like ‘‘conversational turn-taking’’ and ‘‘average social sensitivity’’ as aspects of what’s known as psychological safety — a group culture that the Harvard Business School professor Amy Edmondson defines as a ‘‘shared belief held by members of a team that the team is safe for interpersonal risk-taking.’’ Psychological safety is ‘‘a sense of confidence that the team will not embarrass, reject or punish someone for speaking up,’’ Edmondson wrote in a study published in 1999. ‘‘It describes a team climate characterized by interpersonal trust and mutual respect in which people are comfortable being themselves.’’