source: By Hyacinthe Rigaud - wartburg.edu［dead link］, Public Domain

1. a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor:

君主, 国王, 皇帝

e.g. the reigning monarch

e.g. this followed an attempt by the deposed monarch to regain his throne.

2. see monarch butterfly.

monarchal |məˈnärkəl| adjective

monarchial adjective

monarchic |məˈnärkik| adjective

late Middle English: from late Latin monarcha, from Greek monarkhēs, from monos ‘alone’ + arkhein ‘to rule’.